Prezentace v angličtině: základní praktické obraty

Při mé první prezentaci v angličtině (o DNG grafickém formátu) jsem si s pomocí kamaráda sepsal klíčová slova a obraty, které se při prezentování v angličtině hodí (díky Štěpáne:) ).

Helpful words

actually [akšuely] = ve skutečnosti

demanding [diménin] = náročný

obtain [obtejn] = získat

analysis [enelizis] = analýza

analyze [enelajs] = analyzovat

equalization [ikvalizejšn] = ekvalizace

also [olsou] = tedy

in comparism to = ve srovnání

in fact = vlastně

the most common = nejběžnější

disadvantages = nevýhoda

due to = kvůli

example of = příkladem (čeho)

for instance = například

contains = obsahuje

covered with = pokrytý (čím)

on the other hand = na druhou stranu

contributes to = přispívat k něčemu

notice [noutis] = všiměte si

notes [nouts] = poznámka

be placed = být umístěn

much more difficult/complicated = mnohem složitější/komplikovanější

it makes up = tvořit

usually = obvykle

usual = obvyklý

generally = oběcně

mainly = hlavně

the solution is = řešení je

to be connected with = souviset s čím

after a while = za chvíli

simplified = zjednodušeně

previous = předchozí

The Introducing (úvod)

My pleasure to see you here. I will try to make my presentation not too boring and I hope that you enjoy it with me.

In our presentation

At first we would like to say...

We would like to talk about...

Than we would like to describe...

Firstly, secondly, finally...

Let me introduce myself...

As a peak of our presentation

What where our main aims? We would to create a program to read a DNG image file format...

We wanted to get an unprocessed data from a microscope camera...

We would to extract the data...

And store it into two dimensional matrix.

Why we need the raw unprocessed data?

In you look into histogram, you could see, that the color channel has only ...

Let start with the way the camera works. (In order to understand why we need the raw image data... it is necesarry to know how the camera captures the images.)

Comparism (srovnání)

In comparism to other formats

On the other hand, this histogram shows the histogram of color in a DNG file and there are more

The important information is, that the camera receive more information, than the image file format can stored.

For a computer analysis it is very important to have a lot of data.

The lose of the data makes the computer analysis very difficult.

We need to understant [how called the pixels?]

The camera sensor is in fact two dimensional array of pixels. The pixels are in a distribution, what is called a Bayer mask. The mask contains three basic color - red, green and blue.

The number of intensities...

When we want to display the image in computer display, we need

Color interpolation, which contributes to loos some important information.

Follow up (pokračování)

Now we come [kam] to our work.

Now we could look...

But now lets come to our results.

Lets to come [kam] to the conclusion.

As I said (jak už jsem řekl)

As I said already...

As I said it was not what we wanted...

As I mentioned, the camera receive...

Graphs and pictures

In the picture you can see a cell culture...

In the image you can notice, that ...

On x [ex] axis [eksis], on y [vaj] axis

Další obraty, z prezentace

DNG

The most common format is JPEG, which is used here in Nové Hrady for storage image from microscope camere.

The camera very quickly can reprocess the image data to...

The advantage is that the size is small and it is directly displayeble in the computer.

But the disadvantages, lose information due the compression and small bit depth.

As is showed here in the diagram.

Data are stored at the memory card without the preprocessing as in the JPEG.

Each manufacturer has developed own type of the RAW format.

The solution is the DNG file format. It is digital negative

It stores raw image data

The biggest advantages is, that this unifies the image file formats and the future compatibility is verified...

Now we could look, how the data are stored in the DNG file.

Actually the structure of the file is much more difficult/complicated.

The DNG file is a binary file, that is described in the DNG specification.

It can containg some additional data from the camera.

The file starts with the image file header, whitch...

There can be several image file directories...

The tags say, what is placed in the place...

There is some information about the data type, length of the values and the pointers, that points at the some places in the file, where are the data stored.

The tags tell us, how can be the image data interpreted and how are they stored.

Usually data in the image are stored in a strips. The data may be compressed,...

But now lets come to our results. The program is called the DNG Reader.

It is written in JAVA.

We can shortly show a preview of our programm.

Don't be scared be the color represantion, the computer can display only 8-bit depth.

Now an example about histogram of the DNG image.

You can see the ... [konec casoveho limitu]

In comparism to the usual image files.

This is an example of the output matrix from the DNG Reader, that export the data to dne

In enables to use the whole potentation of the camera.

The extract the image data

The futher processing

[histogram + => motivation, images formats, ]

First picture (histograms) - why we did it?

In the picture you can see a cell culture...

The method is called Entropy calculation.

The most imporant are differed scales. You can notice[notis], that the histogram of the JPEG image has smaller scale than the histogram made from the same image, stored in RAW format.

The human eye[aj] don't recognize the difference between images, but for the computer it is more signifinant. If we need the image analyze by the computer, we need

So, why do we need obtaining the raw image data? Here is an example of picture of cell culture. That was proccess by the Entropy calculation here in Nové Hrady.

The picture seems very nice for the human eye, but if you see in the histogram, you can see only two hundered and fifty six light intensity of each color (red, green, blue)...

But the camera hardware can distinguish [distingviš] four to eight tausend light intenzities, for each of the three basic color (RGB).

Histogram - shows the distribution of the light intensity in the image... You can see, that

stored in the image file. Thats not much. If we want the computer analising, it isn't enough...

entrophy analysis developed by the bioinformatics working group here, in Nové Hrady.

It is clear, that the camera receive more information, than the image files

Its not a problem for the human eye, because the human eye can't recognize the difference.

But for the computer analising, it is difficult, if it has a

Motivation

As I mentioned, the camera receive...

So its clear, than the camera receive...

Its not a problem for the human eye [aj], but the lose of the image information makes the computer analysis difficult.

The loos of the information can be an problem for a computer, when we need the automatic image analysis.

In order to know, how to understand...

The camera chip is in the fact two dimensional matrix of the small light sensort. They are covered by the color filters, that contain three bacis colors - red, green and blue.

The sensor are arranged into small two times two rectangles. One red, one red and two green.

If you display it in the computer,

Each pixel contains information about all three colors.

It is in fact the color interpolation. The data get dependend of each other and some information get lost.

JPEG

It is the most common image format, that has been used in the microscopy in Nové Hrady.

The advantages of the format is, that it is directly display

It is already preprocessed in the camera and the most information are lost because of compression.

JPEG can stored data in only 8-bits color depth per color component (pixel), this mens, that we have about 16 milions colors . In can look like much, but for computer analizing it can't be a lot.

A better format is the RAW image format, whitch stores the original image data without.

So it is the data that the camera has captured, that the cip saw.

Each manufacturer has developed each own standart and they are not compatibile with each other.

Here you can see the difference, between the RAW and JPEG processing.

The light what was captured on the chip is evaluated by the light sensors and the information goes to the camera processor. In depend on the user settings, if we want the JPEG or the raw image data.

We can simply say, that how you can see in the picture, that for the RAW format, processor only read the data from the sensors and write it down to the memory card.

If we want the JPEG image format, the processor read the information from the sensor and evaluate [iveluejt] / compute the white balance, the bit depth, color space and execute JPEG compression.

DNG

Adobe [edoubí],

The solution seems to be the DNG file format. It was designed by Adobe systems, well known for example for its PDF file format.

The name of the Digital negative cames from the fact, that the image ...

It is called the digital negative, because the similar as the old camera films, it must be developed (vyvolán) in the computer before it can be displayed.

The big anvantage is, that it is manufacturer independent format, as the PDF (portable document format). In have to unify the world of the many image formats.

Nowadays publishers or professionaly photographer are affraid to store the image data in the RAW format, because of, as I mentioned, it is readable only with special software

In the future there will be no problem to read the DNG...

It is publily documented format, it means, that the specification are available free of charge and mainly on the internet. So everybody can study it and programm own software for the reading DNG format.